![]() ![]() Metacarpal fracture is the second most common cause of fatalities arising from a fracture in United States. Risk of catastrophic injury may be as high as 2.17%, or 1 in every 46 race starts at some National Hunt racecourses in the United Kingdom. In horses where surgical treatment is indicated, prognosis for return to athletic activity is not always favorable –. Some of these injuries are catastrophic and require euthanasia of the horse. Parasagittal fracture of the condyles of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone (MC3/MT3), or condylar fracture, is common in Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses and is often identified as part of a syndrome of fetlock breakdown injury. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: Please note that although Patricia Marquis is affiliated with the Gulfstream Park company in Florida, this does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing of data and materials. ![]() This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This research was supported by a grant from the AO Foundation. Received: FebruAccepted: JPublished: July 31, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Dubois et al. PLoS ONE 9(7):Įditor: Damian Christopher Genetos, University of California Davis, United States of America ![]() (2014) Computed Tomographic Imaging of Subchondral Fatigue Cracks in the Distal End of the Third Metacarpal Bone in the Thoroughbred Racehorse Can Predict Crack Micromotion in an Ex-Vivo Model. Horses with parasagittal crack arrays that exceed 30 mm 2 may have a high risk for development of condylar fracture.Ĭitation: Dubois M-S, Morello S, Rayment K, Markel MD, Vanderby R Jr, Kalscheur VL, et al. In conclusion, our results suggest that CT could be used to quantify subchondral fatigue crack dimensions in racing Thoroughbred horses in-vivo to assess risk of condylar fracture. Bones with parasagittal crack area measurements above 30 mm 2 may have a high risk of crack propagation and condylar fracture in vivo because of crack micromotion. Histologic fatigue damage was not significantly correlated with crack dimensions determined by CT or extensometer micromotion. Correlations with transverse and frontal plane crack lengths were not significant. In our biomechanical model, we found a significant positive correlation between extensometer micromotion and parasagittal crack area derived from reconstructed CT images (S R = 0.32, p<0.05). Creation of parasagittal subchondral slots induced significant micromotion during loading ( p<0.001). After testing, subchondral crack density was determined histologically. Mechanical testing was validated using bones with 3 mm and 5 mm deep parasagittal subchondral slots that modeled naturally occurring fatigue cracks. Crack motion was recorded using an extensometer. MC3 bones with fatigue cracks were tested using five cycles of compressive loading at -7,500N (38 condyles, 18 horses). Parasagittal subchondral fatigue crack dimensions were measured on CT images using image analysis software. Limbs were radiographed and examined using CT. Thoracic limbs from 40 Thoroughbred racehorses that had sustained a catastrophic injury were studied. Using this model, we determined the relationship between subchondral crack dimensions measured using computed tomography (CT) and crack micromotion. We describe an ex-vivo biomechanical model in which we measured subchondral crack micromotion under compressive loading that modeled high speed running. Currently, there is no method for predicting fracture risk clinically. Articular stress fracture arising from the distal end of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) is a common serious injury in Thoroughbred racehorses.
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